import shutil
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import datetime
from itertools import product
from pathlib import Path
from types import ModuleType
from typing import Dict, Optional

import numpy as np
import pytest
from linkml_runtime.dumpers import yaml_dumper
from linkml_runtime.linkml_model import (
    ClassDefinition,
    Prefix,
    SchemaDefinition,
    SlotDefinition,
    TypeDefinition,
)
from pynwb import NWBHDF5IO, NWBFile, TimeSeries
from pynwb.base import TimeSeriesReference, TimeSeriesReferenceVectorData
from pynwb.behavior import Position, SpatialSeries
from pynwb.core import DynamicTable, VectorData
from pynwb.ecephys import LFP, ElectricalSeries
from pynwb.file import Subject
from pynwb.icephys import VoltageClampSeries, VoltageClampStimulusSeries
from pynwb.image import ImageSeries
from pynwb.ophys import (
    CorrectedImageStack,
    Fluorescence,
    ImageSegmentation,
    MotionCorrection,
    OnePhotonSeries,
    OpticalChannel,
    RoiResponseSeries,
    TwoPhotonSeries,
)

from nwb_linkml.adapters.namespaces import NamespacesAdapter
from nwb_linkml.io import schema as io
from nwb_linkml.providers import LinkMLProvider, PydanticProvider
from nwb_linkml.providers.linkml import LinkMLSchemaBuild
from nwb_schema_language import Attribute, Dataset, Group

__all__ = [
    "NWBSchemaTest",
    "TestSchemas",
    "data_dir",
    "linkml_schema",
    "linkml_schema_bare",
    "nwb_core_fixture",
    "nwb_file",
    "nwb_schema",
    "tmp_output_dir",
    "tmp_output_dir_func",
    "tmp_output_dir_mod",
]


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def tmp_output_dir() -> Path:
    path = Path(__file__).parent.resolve() / "__tmp__"
    if path.exists():
        for subdir in path.iterdir():
            if subdir.name == "git":
                # don't wipe out git repos every time, they don't rly change
                continue
            elif subdir.is_file() and subdir.parent != path:
                continue
            elif subdir.is_file():
                subdir.unlink(missing_ok=True)
            else:
                shutil.rmtree(str(subdir))
    path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)

    return path


@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
def tmp_output_dir_func(tmp_output_dir) -> Path:
    """
    tmp output dir that gets cleared between every function
    cleans at the start rather than at cleanup in case the output is to be inspected
    """
    subpath = tmp_output_dir / "__tmpfunc__"
    if subpath.exists():
        shutil.rmtree(str(subpath))
    subpath.mkdir()
    return subpath


@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def tmp_output_dir_mod(tmp_output_dir) -> Path:
    """
    tmp output dir that gets cleared between every function
    cleans at the start rather than at cleanup in case the output is to be inspected
    """
    subpath = tmp_output_dir / "__tmpmod__"
    if subpath.exists():
        shutil.rmtree(str(subpath))
    subpath.mkdir()
    return subpath


@pytest.fixture(scope="session", params=[{"core_version": "2.7.0", "hdmf_version": "1.8.0"}])
def nwb_core_fixture(request) -> NamespacesAdapter:
    nwb_core = io.load_nwb_core(**request.param)
    assert (
        request.param["core_version"] in nwb_core.versions["core"]
    )  # 2.6.0 is actually 2.6.0-alpha
    assert nwb_core.versions["hdmf-common"] == request.param["hdmf_version"]

    return nwb_core


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def nwb_core_linkml(nwb_core_fixture, tmp_output_dir) -> LinkMLSchemaBuild:
    provider = LinkMLProvider(tmp_output_dir, allow_repo=False, verbose=False)
    result = provider.build(ns_adapter=nwb_core_fixture, force=True)
    return result["core"]


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def nwb_core_module(nwb_core_linkml: LinkMLSchemaBuild, tmp_output_dir) -> ModuleType:
    """
    Generated pydantic namespace from nwb core
    """
    provider = PydanticProvider(tmp_output_dir, verbose=False)
    result = provider.build(nwb_core_linkml.namespace, force=True)
    mod = provider.get("core", version=nwb_core_linkml.version, allow_repo=False)
    return mod


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def data_dir() -> Path:
    path = Path(__file__).parent.resolve() / "data"
    return path


@dataclass
class TestSchemas:
    __test__ = False
    core: SchemaDefinition
    imported: SchemaDefinition
    namespace: SchemaDefinition
    core_path: Optional[Path] = None
    imported_path: Optional[Path] = None
    namespace_path: Optional[Path] = None


@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def linkml_schema_bare() -> TestSchemas:

    schema = TestSchemas(
        core=SchemaDefinition(
            name="core",
            id="core",
            version="1.0.1",
            imports=["imported", "linkml:types"],
            default_prefix="core",
            prefixes={"linkml": Prefix("linkml", "https://w3id.org/linkml")},
            description="Test core schema",
            classes=[
                ClassDefinition(
                    name="MainTopLevel",
                    description="The main class we are testing!",
                    is_a="MainThing",
                    tree_root=True,
                    attributes=[
                        SlotDefinition(
                            name="name",
                            description="A fixed property that should use Literal and be frozen",
                            range="string",
                            required=True,
                            ifabsent="string(toplevel)",
                            equals_string="toplevel",
                            identifier=True,
                        ),
                        SlotDefinition(name="array", range="MainTopLevel__Array"),
                        SlotDefinition(
                            name="SkippableSlot", description="A slot that was meant to be skipped!"
                        ),
                        SlotDefinition(
                            name="inline_dict",
                            description=(
                                "This should be inlined as a dictionary despite this class having"
                                " an identifier"
                            ),
                            multivalued=True,
                            inlined=True,
                            inlined_as_list=False,
                            any_of=[{"range": "OtherClass"}, {"range": "StillAnotherClass"}],
                        ),
                    ],
                ),
                ClassDefinition(
                    name="MainTopLevel__Array",
                    description="Main class's array",
                    is_a="Arraylike",
                    attributes=[
                        SlotDefinition(name="x", range="numeric", required=True),
                        SlotDefinition(name="y", range="numeric", required=True),
                        SlotDefinition(
                            name="z",
                            range="numeric",
                            required=False,
                            maximum_cardinality=3,
                            minimum_cardinality=3,
                        ),
                        SlotDefinition(
                            name="a",
                            range="numeric",
                            required=False,
                            minimum_cardinality=4,
                            maximum_cardinality=4,
                        ),
                    ],
                ),
                ClassDefinition(
                    name="skippable",
                    description="A class that lives to be skipped!",
                ),
                ClassDefinition(
                    name="OtherClass",
                    description="Another class yno!",
                    attributes=[
                        SlotDefinition(name="name", range="string", required=True, identifier=True)
                    ],
                ),
                ClassDefinition(
                    name="StillAnotherClass",
                    description="And yet another!",
                    attributes=[
                        SlotDefinition(name="name", range="string", required=True, identifier=True)
                    ],
                ),
            ],
            types=[TypeDefinition(name="numeric", typeof="float")],
        ),
        imported=SchemaDefinition(
            name="imported",
            id="imported",
            version="1.4.5",
            default_prefix="core",
            imports=["linkml:types"],
            prefixes={"linkml": Prefix("linkml", "https://w3id.org/linkml")},
            classes=[
                ClassDefinition(
                    name="MainThing",
                    description="Class imported by our main thing class!",
                    attributes=[SlotDefinition(name="meta_slot", range="string")],
                ),
                ClassDefinition(name="Arraylike", abstract=True),
            ],
        ),
        namespace=SchemaDefinition(
            name="namespace",
            id="namespace",
            version="1.1.1",
            default_prefix="namespace",
            annotations=[
                {"tag": "is_namespace", "value": "True"},
                {"tag": "namespace", "value": "core"},
            ],
            description="A namespace package that should import all other classes",
            imports=["core", "imported"],
        ),
    )
    return schema


@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def linkml_schema(tmp_output_dir_mod, linkml_schema_bare) -> TestSchemas:
    """
    A test schema that includes

    - Two schemas, one importing from the other
    - Arraylike
    - Required/static "name" field
    - linkml metadata like tree_root
    - skipping classes
    """
    schema = linkml_schema_bare

    test_schema_path = tmp_output_dir_mod / "test_schema"
    test_schema_path.mkdir()

    core_path = test_schema_path / "core.yaml"
    imported_path = test_schema_path / "imported.yaml"
    namespace_path = test_schema_path / "namespace.yaml"

    schema.core_path = core_path
    schema.imported_path = imported_path
    schema.namespace_path = namespace_path

    yaml_dumper.dump(schema.core, schema.core_path)
    yaml_dumper.dump(schema.imported, schema.imported_path)
    yaml_dumper.dump(schema.namespace, schema.namespace_path)
    return schema


@dataclass
class NWBSchemaTest:
    datasets: Dict[str, Dataset] = field(default_factory=dict)
    groups: Dict[str, Group] = field(default_factory=dict)


@pytest.fixture()
def nwb_schema() -> NWBSchemaTest:
    """Minimal NWB schema for testing"""
    image = Dataset(
        neurodata_type_def="Image",
        dtype="numeric",
        neurodata_type_inc="NWBData",
        dims=[["x", "y"], ["x", "y", "r, g, b"], ["x", "y", "r, g, b, a"]],
        shape=[[None, None], [None, None, 3], [None, None, 4]],
        doc="An image!",
        attributes=[
            Attribute(dtype="float32", name="resolution", doc="resolution!"),
            Attribute(dtype="text", name="description", doc="Description!"),
        ],
    )
    images = Group(
        neurodata_type_def="Images",
        neurodata_type_inc="NWBDataInterface",
        default_name="Images",
        doc="Images!",
        attributes=[Attribute(dtype="text", name="description", doc="description!")],
        datasets=[
            Dataset(neurodata_type_inc="Image", quantity="+", doc="images!"),
            Dataset(
                neurodata_type_inc="ImageReferences",
                name="order_of_images",
                doc="Image references!",
                quantity="?",
            ),
        ],
    )
    return NWBSchemaTest(datasets={"image": image}, groups={"images": images})


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def nwb_file(tmp_output_dir) -> Path:
    """
    NWB File created with pynwb that uses all the weird language features

    Borrowing code from pynwb docs in one humonogous fixture function
    since there's not really a reason to
    """
    generator = np.random.default_rng()

    nwb_path = tmp_output_dir / "test_nwb.nwb"

    nwbfile = NWBFile(
        session_description="All that you touch, you change.",  # required
        identifier="1111-1111-1111-1111",  # required
        session_start_time=datetime(year=2024, month=1, day=1),  # required
        session_id="session_1234",  # optional
        experimenter=[
            "Lauren Oya Olamina",
        ],  # optional
        institution="Earthseed Research Institute",  # optional
        experiment_description="All that you change, changes you.",  # optional
        keywords=["behavior", "belief"],  # optional
        related_publications="doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.011",  # optional
    )
    subject = Subject(
        subject_id="001",
        age="P90D",
        description="mouse 5",
        species="Mus musculus",
        sex="M",
    )
    nwbfile.subject = subject

    data = np.arange(100, 200, 10)
    timestamps = np.arange(10.0)
    time_series_with_timestamps = TimeSeries(
        name="test_timeseries",
        description="an example time series",
        data=data,
        unit="m",
        timestamps=timestamps,
    )
    nwbfile.add_acquisition(time_series_with_timestamps)

    position_data = np.array([np.linspace(0, 10, 50), np.linspace(0, 8, 50)]).T
    position_timestamps = np.linspace(0, 50).astype(float) / 200

    spatial_series_obj = SpatialSeries(
        name="SpatialSeries",
        description="(x,y) position in open field",
        data=position_data,
        timestamps=position_timestamps,
        reference_frame="(0,0) is bottom left corner",
    )
    # name is set to "Position" by default
    position_obj = Position(spatial_series=spatial_series_obj)
    behavior_module = nwbfile.create_processing_module(
        name="behavior", description="processed behavioral data"
    )
    behavior_module.add(position_obj)

    nwbfile.add_trial_column(
        name="correct",
        description="whether the trial was correct",
    )
    nwbfile.add_trial(start_time=1.0, stop_time=5.0, correct=True)
    nwbfile.add_trial(start_time=6.0, stop_time=10.0, correct=False)

    # --------------------------------------------------
    # Extracellular Ephys
    # https://pynwb.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/domain/ecephys.html
    # --------------------------------------------------
    device = nwbfile.create_device(name="array", description="old reliable", manufacturer="diy")
    nwbfile.add_electrode_column(name="label", description="label of electrode")

    nshanks = 4
    nchannels_per_shank = 3
    electrode_counter = 0

    for ishank in range(nshanks):
        # create an electrode group for this shank
        electrode_group = nwbfile.create_electrode_group(
            name=f"shank{ishank}",
            description=f"electrode group for shank {ishank}",
            device=device,
            location="brain area",
        )
        # add electrodes to the electrode table
        for ielec in range(nchannels_per_shank):
            nwbfile.add_electrode(
                group=electrode_group,
                label=f"shank{ishank}elec{ielec}",
                location="brain area",
            )
            electrode_counter += 1
    all_table_region = nwbfile.create_electrode_table_region(
        region=list(range(electrode_counter)),  # reference row indices 0 to N-1
        description="all electrodes",
    )
    raw_data = generator.standard_normal((50, 12))
    raw_electrical_series = ElectricalSeries(
        name="ElectricalSeries",
        description="Raw acquisition traces",
        data=raw_data,
        electrodes=all_table_region,
        starting_time=0.0,
        # timestamp of the first sample in seconds relative to the session start time
        rate=20000.0,  # in Hz
    )
    nwbfile.add_acquisition(raw_electrical_series)

    # --------------------------------------------------
    # LFP
    # --------------------------------------------------
    lfp_data = generator.standard_normal((50, 12))
    lfp_electrical_series = ElectricalSeries(
        name="ElectricalSeries",
        description="LFP data",
        data=lfp_data,
        electrodes=all_table_region,
        starting_time=0.0,
        rate=200.0,
    )
    lfp = LFP(electrical_series=lfp_electrical_series)
    ecephys_module = nwbfile.create_processing_module(
        name="ecephys", description="processed extracellular electrophysiology data"
    )
    ecephys_module.add(lfp)

    # Spike Times
    nwbfile.add_unit_column(name="quality", description="sorting quality")
    firing_rate = 20
    n_units = 10
    res = 1000
    duration = 20
    for _ in range(n_units):
        spike_times = np.where(generator.random(res * duration) < (firing_rate / res))[0] / res
        nwbfile.add_unit(spike_times=spike_times, quality="good")

    # --------------------------------------------------
    # Intracellular ephys
    # --------------------------------------------------
    device = nwbfile.create_device(name="Heka ITC-1600")
    electrode = nwbfile.create_icephys_electrode(
        name="elec0", description="a mock intracellular electrode", device=device
    )
    stimulus = VoltageClampStimulusSeries(
        name="ccss",
        data=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
        starting_time=123.6,
        rate=10e3,
        electrode=electrode,
        gain=0.02,
        sweep_number=np.uint64(15),
    )

    # Create and icephys response
    response = VoltageClampSeries(
        name="vcs",
        data=[0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5],
        conversion=1e-12,
        resolution=np.nan,
        starting_time=123.6,
        rate=20e3,
        electrode=electrode,
        gain=0.02,
        capacitance_slow=100e-12,
        resistance_comp_correction=70.0,
        sweep_number=np.uint64(15),
    )
    # we can also add stimulus template data as follows
    rowindex = nwbfile.add_intracellular_recording(
        electrode=electrode, stimulus=stimulus, response=response, id=10
    )

    rowindex2 = nwbfile.add_intracellular_recording(
        electrode=electrode,
        stimulus=stimulus,
        stimulus_start_index=1,
        stimulus_index_count=3,
        response=response,
        response_start_index=2,
        response_index_count=3,
        id=11,
    )
    rowindex3 = nwbfile.add_intracellular_recording(electrode=electrode, response=response, id=12)

    nwbfile.intracellular_recordings.add_column(
        name="recording_tag",
        data=["A1", "A2", "A3"],
        description="String with a recording tag",
    )
    location_column = VectorData(
        name="location",
        data=["Mordor", "Gondor", "Rohan"],
        description="Recording location in Middle Earth",
    )

    lab_category = DynamicTable(
        name="recording_lab_data",
        description="category table for lab-specific recording metadata",
        colnames=[
            "location",
        ],
        columns=[
            location_column,
        ],
    )
    # Add the table as a new category to our intracellular_recordings
    nwbfile.intracellular_recordings.add_category(category=lab_category)
    nwbfile.intracellular_recordings.add_column(
        name="voltage_threshold",
        data=[0.1, 0.12, 0.13],
        description="Just an example column on the electrodes category table",
        category="electrodes",
    )
    stimulus_template = VoltageClampStimulusSeries(
        name="ccst",
        data=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
        starting_time=0.0,
        rate=10e3,
        electrode=electrode,
        gain=0.02,
    )
    nwbfile.add_stimulus_template(stimulus_template)

    nwbfile.intracellular_recordings.add_column(
        name="stimulus_template",
        data=[
            TimeSeriesReference(0, 5, stimulus_template),
            # (start_index, index_count, stimulus_template)
            TimeSeriesReference(1, 3, stimulus_template),
            TimeSeriesReference.empty(stimulus_template),
        ],
        # if there was no data for that recording, use empty reference
        description=(
            "Column storing the reference to the stimulus template for the recording (rows)."
        ),
        category="stimuli",
        col_cls=TimeSeriesReferenceVectorData,
    )

    icephys_simultaneous_recordings = nwbfile.get_icephys_simultaneous_recordings()
    icephys_simultaneous_recordings.add_column(
        name="simultaneous_recording_tag",
        description="A custom tag for simultaneous_recordings",
    )
    simultaneous_index = nwbfile.add_icephys_simultaneous_recording(
        recordings=[rowindex, rowindex2, rowindex3],
        id=12,
        simultaneous_recording_tag="LabTag1",
    )
    repetition_index = nwbfile.add_icephys_repetition(
        sequential_recordings=[simultaneous_index], id=17
    )
    nwbfile.add_icephys_experimental_condition(repetitions=[repetition_index], id=19)
    nwbfile.icephys_experimental_conditions.add_column(
        name="tag",
        data=np.arange(1),
        description="integer tag for a experimental condition",
    )

    # --------------------------------------------------
    # Calcium Imaging
    # https://pynwb.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/domain/ophys.html
    # --------------------------------------------------
    device = nwbfile.create_device(
        name="Microscope",
        description="My two-photon microscope",
        manufacturer="The best microscope manufacturer",
    )
    optical_channel = OpticalChannel(
        name="OpticalChannel",
        description="an optical channel",
        emission_lambda=500.0,
    )
    imaging_plane = nwbfile.create_imaging_plane(
        name="ImagingPlane",
        optical_channel=optical_channel,
        imaging_rate=30.0,
        description="a very interesting part of the brain",
        device=device,
        excitation_lambda=600.0,
        indicator="GFP",
        location="V1",
        grid_spacing=[0.01, 0.01],
        grid_spacing_unit="meters",
        origin_coords=[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
        origin_coords_unit="meters",
    )
    one_p_series = OnePhotonSeries(
        name="OnePhotonSeries",
        description="Raw 1p data",
        data=np.ones((1000, 100, 100)),
        imaging_plane=imaging_plane,
        rate=1.0,
        unit="normalized amplitude",
    )
    nwbfile.add_acquisition(one_p_series)
    two_p_series = TwoPhotonSeries(
        name="TwoPhotonSeries",
        description="Raw 2p data",
        data=np.ones((1000, 100, 100)),
        imaging_plane=imaging_plane,
        rate=1.0,
        unit="normalized amplitude",
    )

    nwbfile.add_acquisition(two_p_series)

    corrected = ImageSeries(
        name="corrected",  # this must be named "corrected"
        description="A motion corrected image stack",
        data=np.ones((1000, 100, 100)),
        unit="na",
        format="raw",
        starting_time=0.0,
        rate=1.0,
    )

    xy_translation = TimeSeries(
        name="xy_translation",
        description="x,y translation in pixels",
        data=np.ones((1000, 2)),
        unit="pixels",
        starting_time=0.0,
        rate=1.0,
    )

    corrected_image_stack = CorrectedImageStack(
        corrected=corrected,
        original=one_p_series,
        xy_translation=xy_translation,
    )

    motion_correction = MotionCorrection(corrected_image_stacks=[corrected_image_stack])

    ophys_module = nwbfile.create_processing_module(
        name="ophys", description="optical physiology processed data"
    )

    ophys_module.add(motion_correction)

    img_seg = ImageSegmentation()

    ps = img_seg.create_plane_segmentation(
        name="PlaneSegmentation",
        description="output from segmenting my favorite imaging plane",
        imaging_plane=imaging_plane,
        reference_images=one_p_series,  # optional
    )

    ophys_module.add(img_seg)

    for _ in range(30):
        image_mask = np.zeros((100, 100))

        # randomly generate example image masks
        x = generator.integers(0, 95)
        y = generator.integers(0, 95)
        image_mask[x : x + 5, y : y + 5] = 1

        # add image mask to plane segmentation
        ps.add_roi(image_mask=image_mask)

    ps2 = img_seg.create_plane_segmentation(
        name="PlaneSegmentation2",
        description="output from segmenting my favorite imaging plane",
        imaging_plane=imaging_plane,
        reference_images=one_p_series,  # optional
    )

    for _ in range(30):
        # randomly generate example starting points for region
        x = generator.integers(0, 95)
        y = generator.integers(0, 95)

        # define an example 4 x 3 region of pixels of weight '1'
        pixel_mask = [(ix, iy, 1) for ix in range(x, x + 4) for iy in range(y, y + 3)]

        # add pixel mask to plane segmentation
        ps2.add_roi(pixel_mask=pixel_mask)

    ps3 = img_seg.create_plane_segmentation(
        name="PlaneSegmentation3",
        description="output from segmenting my favorite imaging plane",
        imaging_plane=imaging_plane,
        reference_images=one_p_series,  # optional
    )

    for _ in range(30):
        # randomly generate example starting points for region
        x = generator.integers(0, 95)
        y = generator.integers(0, 95)
        z = generator.integers(0, 15)

        # define an example 4 x 3 x 2 voxel region of weight '0.5'
        voxel_mask = []
        for ix, iy, iz in product(range(x, x + 4), range(y, y + 3), range(z, z + 2)):
            voxel_mask.append((ix, iy, iz, 0.5))

        # add voxel mask to plane segmentation
        ps3.add_roi(voxel_mask=voxel_mask)
    rt_region = ps.create_roi_table_region(region=[0, 1], description="the first of two ROIs")
    roi_resp_series = RoiResponseSeries(
        name="RoiResponseSeries",
        description="Fluorescence responses for two ROIs",
        data=np.ones((50, 2)),  # 50 samples, 2 ROIs
        rois=rt_region,
        unit="lumens",
        rate=30.0,
    )
    fl = Fluorescence(roi_response_series=roi_resp_series)
    ophys_module.add(fl)

    with NWBHDF5IO(nwb_path, "w") as io:
        io.write(nwbfile)

    return nwb_path